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N5 Grammar
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N5 Grammar
Particle は — sentence topic
Particle も — also / as well
Particle が — subject / emphasis
Particle を — direct object
Particle に — place / time / purpose
Particle で — location of action / means
Particle と — and / with / quote
Particle の — possession / modification
～や～など～ — non-exhaustive listing
～から～まで — from… to…
～に～があります／います — there is/are… (in/at…)
～に行きます — go to… (for a purpose)
～に来ます — come to… (for a purpose)
～に帰ります — go back / return (home)
～に戻ります — return (to a place/state)
い-Adjく + V — adverb form of i-adjectives
い-Adjくない — negative of i-adjectives
い-Adjて — connect clauses with i-adjectives
い-Adjくします — make it… (i-adj)
い-Adjくなります — become… (i-adj)
な-Adjに + V — adverb form of na-adjectives
な-Adjで — connect clauses with na-adjectives
な-Adjにします — make it… (na-adj)
な-Adjになります — become… (na-adj)
な-Adjじゃない／ではない — negative of na-adjectives
～たいです — want to do…
～がほしいです — want (something)
～ができます — can do… / be able to…
～にします — decide on / choose
～になります — become
Vること — verb nominalization
Vることができます — can do…
Vるの — casual nominalization
～ましょう — let’s…
Vましょうか — shall I…? (offer)
Vませんか — would you like to…? (invitation)
～て～ — connect actions (and then…)
～ています — be doing / habitual
～てから～ — after doing…
～てください — please do…
～ないでください — please don’t…
～が、～ — but… (soft contrast)
～けど、～ — but… (casual)
～けれど、～ — though / but…
～。けれども、～ — however…
～。しかし、～ — however… (formal)
～。でも、～ — but… (casual)
だから、～ — so / therefore…
そして、～ — and / then…
それから、～ — after that…
～。では、～ — well then…
～。それでは、～ — well then… (polite)
～。それじゃ、～ — well then… (casual)
～。じゃ、～ — okay then… (casual)
～は～より～ — comparative (A is more… than B)
～より～のほうが～ — X is more… than Y
～がいちばん～ — the most…
～と～とどちら～ — which is more…?
～は～が～ — topic + standout feature
～あとで — later / after…
～の前に — before…
～くらい — about / approximately
～ぐらい — about / approximately
～ごろ — around (time)
～だけ — only / just
～か～か～ — either… or…
あまり～ありません — not very…
ぜんぜん～ (negative) — not at all…
ほとんど～ — almost / hardly
だいたい～ — roughly / mostly
たいてい～ — usually / mostly
まあまあ～ — so-so / okay
よく～ — often
まだ～ — still / not yet (depending on context)
まだ～ません — not yet…
もう～ — already
もうすぐ～ — soon
もっと～ — more
すぐに～ — immediately
さっき～ — a moment ago
だれ — who
だれか — someone
だれでも — anyone / everyone
だれも～ません — no one (…not)
どこ — where
どこか — somewhere
どこでも — anywhere / everywhere
どこにも～ません — nowhere (…not)
どこへも～ません — not go anywhere
どこも～ません — no place / nothing works (…not)
どちら — which (of two) / where (polite)
どなた — who (polite)
どの — which (with a noun)
どれでも — any one
どんな — what kind of…
なに — what
なにか — something
なにも～ません — nothing (…not)
なん — what (variant of なに)
なんで — why / by what means
なんでも — anything
～なんと言いますか — how do you say it…? / what do you call it…?
～どう言いますか — how do you say…?
～どうしますか — what will you do?
～どうですか — how is it? / how about…?
どうやって — how / by what method
～とき — when
ときどき — sometimes
いつも — always
いつでも — anytime
いつか — someday
いくつ — how many / how old
～にあげます — give (to someone)
～にもらいます — receive (from someone; with に)
～からもらいます — receive (from; source)
～が私にくれます — someone gives me…
～いかがですか — how about…? (polite)
こちら — this way / here / (polite) I/we
そちら — that way / there / (polite) you
～はたいへんです — …is tough / hard
～たり、～たりします — do things like… and…
～あります — there is (inanimate)
～から、～ — because… so…
～からです — it’s because…
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