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You are here: Home / JLPT N1 / N1 Grammar

N1 Grammar

~にしろ~にしろ – Whether A or B… / Either way…

~にしろ~にしても – Whether A or even if B…

~にしろ~にせよ – Whether A or B… (formal)

~にしろ~にせよ/~にしろ~にしろ – Either way… (two cases)

~にしたって – Even if… / Even for… (colloquial)

~にしても – Even if… / Even so…

~にせよ – Whether… / Even if… (formal)

~にせよ~にせよ – Whether A or B… (formal pair)

~にせよ~にしろ – Whether A or B… (mixed pair)

~にしろ~にせよ – Whether A or B… (mixed pair)

~にしろ~にせよ… – No matter which… (covers both)

~にしろ~にしても… – Either way… (two options)

~にせよ~にしても… – Whether… or even if…

~にしろ~にせよ…にしても – Regardless, …

~にしろ/~にせよ – Whether… (set phrase)

~にしろ/~にしても – Either way / even if…

~にせよ/~にしても – Even if… / whichever…

~にしろ…にしろ – Whether… or… (listing)

~にせよ…にせよ – Whether… or… (formal listing)

~にしても…にしても – Whether… or… (colloquial listing)

~にしろ…にしても – Whether… or even if…

~にせよ…にしろ – Whether… or… (mixed)

~にしても…にせよ – Whether… or… (mixed)

~たにしろ/~ないにしろ – Whether (did) or (didn’t)…

~たにせよ/~なかったにせよ – Whether (did) or (didn’t)… (formal)

~にしろ~にしろ(過去) – Whether in the past A or B…

~ならいざ知らず – If it’s A, that’s one thing, but…

~はいざ知らず – A aside, but B…

~はどうであれ – Regardless of…

~はさておき – Putting … aside…

~はおろか~すら – Let alone A, even B…

~はおろか~も – Let alone A, even B…

~はおろか~まで – Not only A, but even up to B…

~に限ったことではない – Not limited to…

~に限ったことでもない – Not just…

~ならでは – Unique to… / Only … can…

~とは限らない – Not necessarily…

~足りない – Not enough to… / Not worthy of…

~を余儀なくされる – Be forced to…

~ないではすまない – Cannot avoid (must)…

~ではすまない – It won’t end with just… / Can’t be ignored

~ないではおかない – Will definitely… (inevitably)

~やしない – Absolutely not… (sarcastic)

~てまでも – Even if it means…

~ては – If/Whenever… (bad outcome)

~ては~ – Whenever… (repeated)

~をものともせずに – In spite of… / Undeterred by…

~こととて – Because… (unavoidable/excusable)

~る始末だ – It ends up that… (bad result)

~ないものでもない – It’s not impossible that…

~極まりない – Extremely… / Utterly…

~極まる – To the extreme / At its peak

~限りだ – So… / Extremely… (personal feeling)

~たりとも~ない – Not even (one)…

~ばきりがない – If you start listing, there’s no end

~たらきりがない – If you talk about it, it never ends

~ですら – Even…

~にすら – Even (for)…

~とは比べものにならない – Can’t compare with…

~ともあろう~ – As a …, (you should know better)

~もさることながら – A is one thing, but B is even more…

~といえども – Even if… / Even though…

~ときている – It’s so… (praise/blame)

~でなくてなんだろう – If it’s not…, what is it?

~といったらありはしない – Extremely… (often negative)

~といったらありゃしない – Extremely… (colloquial)

~といったらない – Extremely… / Beyond words

~ないものだろうか – Isn’t there any way to…?

~がゆえに – Because… (formal)

~がゆえの~ – Because of… (modifying noun)

~だけではすまない – It won’t be enough to just…

~とあれば – If it’s the case that…

~となれば – If it comes to… / If it turns out…

~ともなれば – When it becomes… / Once you reach…

~ともなると – When it gets to…

~とはいえ – Even though… / That said…

~としたところで – Even if you… (it won’t help)

~にして – Only at… / Not until…

~にして初めて – Not until… (for the first time)

~とみえて – It seems that… (from observation)

~とみると – The moment (someone) sees…

~かと思いきや – I thought…, but actually…

~かたわら~ – While doing… (also doing…)

~つ~つ – Doing A and B alternately

~てからというもの – Ever since…

~あっての~ – Only because of… (thanks to)

~に言わせれば – If you ask… / In …’s view

~から言わせれば – From …’s perspective…

~を前提として – On the premise that…

~を前提にして – Based on the premise…

~前提で – Assuming… / On the condition that…

~に即した – In line with… / Conforming to…

~に即して – In accordance with…

~と相まって – Coupled with… (together)

~も相まって – Along with… (added factor)

~にひきかえ – In contrast to…

~にもまして – More than… / Even more…

~を踏まえて – Based on… / Taking … into account

~を経て – After going through…

~を機にして – Taking … as an opportunity

~を皮切りに – Starting with… (and then)

~を皮切りにして – Using … as the starting point

~に~を重ねて – Repeatedly… / Layering…

~にあっては – In the situation of…

~なくしては~ない – Without… there is no…

~なしでは~ない – Can’t… without…

~なしには~ない – Cannot… unless…

~も兼ねて – Also serving as… / Combined with…

~からある – As much as… / Over… (large amount)

~からする – As much as… (price)

~並み – On a par with… / Comparable to…

~ごとき/~ごとく – Like… / As if…

~足る – Worthy of… / Sufficient for…

~に堪える – Worth… / Deserving (of)

~に耐える – Able to withstand / Endure

~に堪えない – Unbearable / Not worth…

~たる~ – As… (in the role of)

~こそあれ – While A is true, B…

~こそ~が – It’s true that A, but B…

~こそすれ – One might A, but never B

~の極み – The height of… / Utter…

~の至り – Truly… / Deeply… (formal)

~を限りに – As of… / Starting from… (ending/limit)

~を禁じ得ない – Cannot help but feel…

~というもの – For (all that time)… / Ever since…

~というところだ – Roughly… / About…

~といったところだ – About… / At most…

~なりとも – At least… / Even just…

~なら~なりに – In one’s own way / To the extent of…

~のごとき~ – Like… (as a noun modifier)

~によらず – Regardless of… / Irrespective of…

~のいかんによらず – Regardless of… (formal rule)

~のいかんにかかわらず – No matter what…

~のいかんでは – Depending on…

~のいかんによっては – Depending on…, it may…

~にとどまらず – Not limited to… (extends to)

~るにとどまらず – Not only do… but also…

~と~を兼ねて – Both… and… / Serving as…

~をおいて他にない – None other than… / The best choice is…

~てみせる – I’ll do it (and prove it)

~てやまない – Never stop… / Always…

~るべく – In order to…

~るべくもない – There’s no way to…

~んがために – For the purpose of… (very formal)

~んばかりに – As if about to… / Almost…

~るものとする – It shall be… (regulation)

~もしないで – Without even doing… (disapproving)

~ながらに – By nature / while remaining…

~ながらの~ – As-is / in one’s current state…

~るがままに – Letting… / As … leads…

~と言わんばかりに – As if to say…

~と言わんばかりの~ – A … as if to say…

~るや否や – No sooner… than…

~るが早いか – The moment… (immediately)

~るなり – As soon as… (then)

~に先駆けて – Ahead of… / Before…

~に先立ち – Prior to… (formal)

~をもって – As of… / With… as the marker

~を境にして – From … onward / With … as a boundary

~に至った – Came to… / Led to…

~るべからず – Must not… / Do not…

~るべからざる~ – Something that must not be…

~にあるまじき~ – Unworthy of… / Unacceptable for…

~ものとして – As… / Assuming that…

~かたがた – While… / Taking the opportunity to… (polite)

~びる – To look/seem… (suffix)

~ぶる – To act like… / Put on airs

~ぶって – Acting like… / Pretending…

~ぶった – With a …-ish attitude / Acting…

~びた – Completely… / Looking very…

~るにはあたらない – Not worth… / No need to…

~に難くない – It’s not hard to… (easy to imagine)

~に越したことはない – It’s best to…

~るにも~れない – Want to… but can’t…

~るにも – Even if you try to… (often with ~れない)

~までだ – That’s all / It comes down to…

~たことにしてください – Please treat it as if…

~たが最後 – Once you…, it’s over (bad consequence)

~たら最後 – If/once you…, that’s the end (bad)

~をよそに – Despite… / Paying no attention to…

~の手前 – For appearances / In front of…

~まみれ – Covered in… / Full of… (usually negative)

~の嫌いがある – Tends to… (negative tendency)

~る嫌いがある – Has a tendency to V (often negative)

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