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N1 Grammar
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N1 Grammar
~にしろ~にしろ – Whether A or B… / Either way…
~にしろ~にしても – Whether A or even if B…
~にしろ~にせよ – Whether A or B… (formal)
~にしろ~にせよ/~にしろ~にしろ – Either way… (two cases)
~にしたって – Even if… / Even for… (colloquial)
~にしても – Even if… / Even so…
~にせよ – Whether… / Even if… (formal)
~にせよ~にせよ – Whether A or B… (formal pair)
~にせよ~にしろ – Whether A or B… (mixed pair)
~にしろ~にせよ – Whether A or B… (mixed pair)
~にしろ~にせよ… – No matter which… (covers both)
~にしろ~にしても… – Either way… (two options)
~にせよ~にしても… – Whether… or even if…
~にしろ~にせよ…にしても – Regardless, …
~にしろ/~にせよ – Whether… (set phrase)
~にしろ/~にしても – Either way / even if…
~にせよ/~にしても – Even if… / whichever…
~にしろ…にしろ – Whether… or… (listing)
~にせよ…にせよ – Whether… or… (formal listing)
~にしても…にしても – Whether… or… (colloquial listing)
~にしろ…にしても – Whether… or even if…
~にせよ…にしろ – Whether… or… (mixed)
~にしても…にせよ – Whether… or… (mixed)
~たにしろ/~ないにしろ – Whether (did) or (didn’t)…
~たにせよ/~なかったにせよ – Whether (did) or (didn’t)… (formal)
~にしろ~にしろ(過去) – Whether in the past A or B…
~ならいざ知らず – If it’s A, that’s one thing, but…
~はいざ知らず – A aside, but B…
~はどうであれ – Regardless of…
~はさておき – Putting … aside…
~はおろか~すら – Let alone A, even B…
~はおろか~も – Let alone A, even B…
~はおろか~まで – Not only A, but even up to B…
~に限ったことではない – Not limited to…
~に限ったことでもない – Not just…
~ならでは – Unique to… / Only … can…
~とは限らない – Not necessarily…
~足りない – Not enough to… / Not worthy of…
~を余儀なくされる – Be forced to…
~ないではすまない – Cannot avoid (must)…
~ではすまない – It won’t end with just… / Can’t be ignored
~ないではおかない – Will definitely… (inevitably)
~やしない – Absolutely not… (sarcastic)
~てまでも – Even if it means…
~ては – If/Whenever… (bad outcome)
~ては~ – Whenever… (repeated)
~をものともせずに – In spite of… / Undeterred by…
~こととて – Because… (unavoidable/excusable)
~る始末だ – It ends up that… (bad result)
~ないものでもない – It’s not impossible that…
~極まりない – Extremely… / Utterly…
~極まる – To the extreme / At its peak
~限りだ – So… / Extremely… (personal feeling)
~たりとも~ない – Not even (one)…
~ばきりがない – If you start listing, there’s no end
~たらきりがない – If you talk about it, it never ends
~ですら – Even…
~にすら – Even (for)…
~とは比べものにならない – Can’t compare with…
~ともあろう~ – As a …, (you should know better)
~もさることながら – A is one thing, but B is even more…
~といえども – Even if… / Even though…
~ときている – It’s so… (praise/blame)
~でなくてなんだろう – If it’s not…, what is it?
~といったらありはしない – Extremely… (often negative)
~といったらありゃしない – Extremely… (colloquial)
~といったらない – Extremely… / Beyond words
~ないものだろうか – Isn’t there any way to…?
~がゆえに – Because… (formal)
~がゆえの~ – Because of… (modifying noun)
~だけではすまない – It won’t be enough to just…
~とあれば – If it’s the case that…
~となれば – If it comes to… / If it turns out…
~ともなれば – When it becomes… / Once you reach…
~ともなると – When it gets to…
~とはいえ – Even though… / That said…
~としたところで – Even if you… (it won’t help)
~にして – Only at… / Not until…
~にして初めて – Not until… (for the first time)
~とみえて – It seems that… (from observation)
~とみると – The moment (someone) sees…
~かと思いきや – I thought…, but actually…
~かたわら~ – While doing… (also doing…)
~つ~つ – Doing A and B alternately
~てからというもの – Ever since…
~あっての~ – Only because of… (thanks to)
~に言わせれば – If you ask… / In …’s view
~から言わせれば – From …’s perspective…
~を前提として – On the premise that…
~を前提にして – Based on the premise…
~前提で – Assuming… / On the condition that…
~に即した – In line with… / Conforming to…
~に即して – In accordance with…
~と相まって – Coupled with… (together)
~も相まって – Along with… (added factor)
~にひきかえ – In contrast to…
~にもまして – More than… / Even more…
~を踏まえて – Based on… / Taking … into account
~を経て – After going through…
~を機にして – Taking … as an opportunity
~を皮切りに – Starting with… (and then)
~を皮切りにして – Using … as the starting point
~に~を重ねて – Repeatedly… / Layering…
~にあっては – In the situation of…
~なくしては~ない – Without… there is no…
~なしでは~ない – Can’t… without…
~なしには~ない – Cannot… unless…
~も兼ねて – Also serving as… / Combined with…
~からある – As much as… / Over… (large amount)
~からする – As much as… (price)
~並み – On a par with… / Comparable to…
~ごとき/~ごとく – Like… / As if…
~足る – Worthy of… / Sufficient for…
~に堪える – Worth… / Deserving (of)
~に耐える – Able to withstand / Endure
~に堪えない – Unbearable / Not worth…
~たる~ – As… (in the role of)
~こそあれ – While A is true, B…
~こそ~が – It’s true that A, but B…
~こそすれ – One might A, but never B
~の極み – The height of… / Utter…
~の至り – Truly… / Deeply… (formal)
~を限りに – As of… / Starting from… (ending/limit)
~を禁じ得ない – Cannot help but feel…
~というもの – For (all that time)… / Ever since…
~というところだ – Roughly… / About…
~といったところだ – About… / At most…
~なりとも – At least… / Even just…
~なら~なりに – In one’s own way / To the extent of…
~のごとき~ – Like… (as a noun modifier)
~によらず – Regardless of… / Irrespective of…
~のいかんによらず – Regardless of… (formal rule)
~のいかんにかかわらず – No matter what…
~のいかんでは – Depending on…
~のいかんによっては – Depending on…, it may…
~にとどまらず – Not limited to… (extends to)
~るにとどまらず – Not only do… but also…
~と~を兼ねて – Both… and… / Serving as…
~をおいて他にない – None other than… / The best choice is…
~てみせる – I’ll do it (and prove it)
~てやまない – Never stop… / Always…
~るべく – In order to…
~るべくもない – There’s no way to…
~んがために – For the purpose of… (very formal)
~んばかりに – As if about to… / Almost…
~るものとする – It shall be… (regulation)
~もしないで – Without even doing… (disapproving)
~ながらに – By nature / while remaining…
~ながらの~ – As-is / in one’s current state…
~るがままに – Letting… / As … leads…
~と言わんばかりに – As if to say…
~と言わんばかりの~ – A … as if to say…
~るや否や – No sooner… than…
~るが早いか – The moment… (immediately)
~るなり – As soon as… (then)
~に先駆けて – Ahead of… / Before…
~に先立ち – Prior to… (formal)
~をもって – As of… / With… as the marker
~を境にして – From … onward / With … as a boundary
~に至った – Came to… / Led to…
~るべからず – Must not… / Do not…
~るべからざる~ – Something that must not be…
~にあるまじき~ – Unworthy of… / Unacceptable for…
~ものとして – As… / Assuming that…
~かたがた – While… / Taking the opportunity to… (polite)
~びる – To look/seem… (suffix)
~ぶる – To act like… / Put on airs
~ぶって – Acting like… / Pretending…
~ぶった – With a …-ish attitude / Acting…
~びた – Completely… / Looking very…
~るにはあたらない – Not worth… / No need to…
~に難くない – It’s not hard to… (easy to imagine)
~に越したことはない – It’s best to…
~るにも~れない – Want to… but can’t…
~るにも – Even if you try to… (often with ~れない)
~までだ – That’s all / It comes down to…
~たことにしてください – Please treat it as if…
~たが最後 – Once you…, it’s over (bad consequence)
~たら最後 – If/once you…, that’s the end (bad)
~をよそに – Despite… / Paying no attention to…
~の手前 – For appearances / In front of…
~まみれ – Covered in… / Full of… (usually negative)
~の嫌いがある – Tends to… (negative tendency)
~る嫌いがある – Has a tendency to V (often negative)
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