~間・・・:「When the state of ~ continues, one keeps doing ... / remains in ... the whole time.」 ~ is a word that indicates continuity. ... is a sentence that indicates something continuous.
~間に・・・:「While the state of ~ continues, ... happens / ... occurs.」 ~ indicates a continuous state. ... is a sentence expressing a momentary event.
例:
1. お母さんが昼寝をしている間、子供たちはテレビを見ていた。
While their mother was taking a nap, the children were watching TV.
2. 私が旅行で留守番の間、うちの犬の世話をお願いできないでしょうか。While I'm away on a trip, could I ask you to take care of our dog?
3. お母さんが昼寝をしている間に、子供たちは遊びに出かけた。While their mother was taking a nap, the children went out to play.
4. 私が旅行で留守番の間に、庭に草がたくさん生えてしまった。While I was away on a trip, a lot of weeds grew in the garden.
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| JLPT N3 Grammar – ~うちに… |