Minna no Nihongo Lesson 20 – Vocabulary Reference

Expanded vocabulary on commonly used adjectives and verbs for natural daily conversation.
人(ひと)の呼(よ)び方(かた) Forms of address

In the family, people address one another using the terms that the youngest child would use. Parents call their son おにいちゃん (older brother) and their daughter おねえちゃん (older sister). In other words, parents put themselves in the position of the youngest child when addressing their children.
Additionally, in front of their children, husbands call their wives おかあさん (mom) or ママ (mama), and wives call their husbands おとうさん (dad) or パパ (papa). However, this way of addressing each other is becoming less common. Recently, using given names has become more common.


In a company, people address each other by job title. For example, subordinates address superiors by title. Sales staff call customers おきゃくさま (honored customer; sir/ma'am). Doctors are called せんせい(sensei) by their patients.