{"id":5713,"date":"2025-10-28T15:23:49","date_gmt":"2025-10-28T15:23:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vnjpclubwp.test\/ngu-phap-n4\/itadaku.html"},"modified":"2026-06-21T19:29:02","modified_gmt":"2026-06-21T12:29:02","slug":"itadaku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vnjpclub.com\/fil\/n4-grammar\/itadaku.html","title":{"rendered":"\uff5e\u3092\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f \u2014 tumanggap (mapagpakumbaba)"},"content":{"rendered":"<noscript><div class=\"vnjp-noscript\">\u26a0\ufe0f Please enable JavaScript to view the content of this page.<\/div><\/noscript><div class=\"vnjp-js-only\"><section class=\"ai-explain-body\">\n  <h3>1. Pangunahing estruktura<\/h3>\n  <table>\n    <thead>\n      <tr>\n        <th>Uri ng salita<\/th>\n        <th>Istruktura gamit ang \uff5e\u3092\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f<\/th>\n        <th>Halimbawa ng istruktura<\/th>\n        <th>Tala<\/th>\n      <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n      <tr>\n        <td>Pangngalan (bagay\/pabor)<\/td>\n        <td><ruby>\u79c1<rt>\u308f\u305f\u3057<\/rt><\/ruby>\/<ruby>\u5185<rt>\u306a\u3044<\/rt><\/ruby> \u304c X \u306b\/\u304b\u3089 N \u3092 \u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f<\/td>\n        <td><ruby>\u79c1<rt>\u308f\u305f\u3057<\/rt><\/ruby>\u306f<ruby>\u5148\u751f<rt>\u305b\u3093\u305b\u3044<\/rt><\/ruby>\u304b\u3089<ruby>\u672c<rt>\u307b\u3093<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092\u3044\u305f\u3060\u3044\u305f<\/td>\n        <td>Pangpakumbabang anyo ng \u3082\u3089\u3046 (tumanggap)<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td>Kumpanya\/pangkat<\/td>\n        <td><ruby>\u5f53\u793e<rt>\u3068\u3046\u3057\u3083<\/rt><\/ruby>\/<ruby>\u5f0a\u793e<rt>\u3078\u3044\u3057\u3083<\/rt><\/ruby> \u304c \u304a<ruby>\u5ba2<rt>\u304d\u3083\u304f\u3055\u307e<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u69d8<rt><\/rt><\/ruby> \u304b\u3089 N \u3092 \u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f<\/td>\n        <td><ruby>\u591a<rt>\u304a\u304a<\/rt><\/ruby>\u304f\u306e\u3054<ruby>\u652f\u63f4<rt>\u3057\u3048\u3093<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/td>\n        <td>Madalas gamitin sa negosyo, kasama ang magalang na unlapi \u304a\uff0f\u3054<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td>Baryante ng pandiwa<\/td>\n        <td>V\u3066 \u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f<\/td>\n        <td>\u3054<ruby>\u5354\u529b<rt>\u304d\u3087\u3046\u308a\u3087\u304f<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f \u00d7 \u2192 \u3054<ruby>\u5354\u529b<rt>\u304d\u3087\u3046\u308a\u3087\u304f<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f<\/td>\n        <td>Iba pang mga anyo ng pandiwa; dito nakatuon tayo sa \u201cN \u3092\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f\u201d<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td>Partikulo ng pinagmulan<\/td>\n        <td>X \u304b\u3089\uff0f\u3088\u308a<\/td>\n        <td><ruby>\u7686<rt>\u307f\u306a<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3055\u307e\u3088\u308a<ruby>\u6e29<rt>\u3042\u305f\u305f<\/rt><\/ruby>\u304b\u3044\u304a<ruby>\u8a00\u8449<rt>\u3053\u3068\u3070<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f<\/td>\n        <td>Maaaring gamitin ang \u201c\u306b\u201d, ngunit mas natural ang \u201c\u304b\u3089\/\u3088\u308a\u201d kapag binabanggit ang pinagmulan<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n  <\/table>\n\n  <h3>2. Pangunahing kahulugan at detalyadong pagsusuri<\/h3>\n  <ul>\n    <li>Pagpapakumbaba, nagpapakita na ang nagsasalita\/pangkat ay \u201cnakatanggap\u201d ng bagay\/pabor N mula sa kabilang panig.<\/li>\n    <li>Binibigyang-diin ang pasasalamat at paggalang sa nagbibigay; madalas lumalabas kasama ang magagalang na unlapi: \u3054<ruby>\u610f\u898b<rt>\u3044\u3051\u3093<\/rt><\/ruby>\uff0f\u3054<ruby>\u9023\u7d61<rt>\u308c\u3093\u3089\u304f<\/rt><\/ruby>\uff0f\u304a<ruby>\u6642\u9593<rt>\u3058\u304b\u3093<\/rt><\/ruby> \u306a\u3069.<\/li>\n    <li>Karaniwang ginagamit sa sulat, pahayag, at opisyal na anunsyo.<\/li>\n    <li>Karaniwang paksa ay ako\/tayo\/aming yunit; hindi ginagamit kapag ang tumatanggap ay nasa labas ng grupo maliban kung isinusulat mula sa pananaw na \u201cako\/tayo\u201d.<\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n\n  <h3>3. Mga halimbawa<\/h3>\n  <ul>\n    <li><ruby>\u5148\u751f<rt>\u305b\u3093\u305b\u3044<\/rt><\/ruby>\u304b\u3089<ruby>\u53c2\u8003<rt>\u3055\u3093\u3053\u3046<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u66f8<rt>\u3057\u3087<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092<b>\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/b>\u3002<br>Natanggap ko ang aklat na sanggunian mula sa guro.<\/li>\n    <li><ruby>\u7686<rt>\u307f\u306a<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3055\u307e\u304b\u3089<ruby>\u6e29<rt>\u3042\u305f\u305f<\/rt><\/ruby>\u304b\u3044\u3054<ruby>\u652f\u63f4<rt>\u3057\u3048\u3093<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092<b>\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304d<\/b>\u3001<ruby>\u5fc3<rt>\u3053\u3053\u308d<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3088\u308a<ruby>\u611f\u8b1d<rt>\u304b\u3093\u3057\u3083<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7533<rt>\u3082\u3046<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3057<ruby>\u4e0a<rt>\u3042<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3052\u307e\u3059\u3002<br>Taos-pusong pasasalamat sa mainit ninyong suporta na aming natanggap.<\/li>\n    <li><ruby>\u5148\u8f29<rt>\u305b\u3093\u3071\u3044<\/rt><\/ruby>\u306b<ruby>\u8cb4\u91cd<rt>\u304d\u3061\u3087\u3046<\/rt><\/ruby>\u306a\u3054<ruby>\u610f\u898b<rt>\u3044\u3051\u3093<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092<b>\u3044\u305f\u3060\u3044\u305f<\/b>\u3002<br>Nakatanggap ako ng mahahalagang opinyon mula sa nakatatanda.<\/li>\n    <li>\u304a<ruby>\u5fd9<rt>\u3044\u305d\u304c<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3057\u3044<ruby>\u4e2d<rt>\u3061\u3085\u3046<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3001\u304a<ruby>\u6642\u9593<rt>\u3058\u304b\u3093<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092<b>\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304d<\/b>\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u3054\u3056\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br>Maraming salamat sa paglaan ninyo ng oras para sa amin.<\/li>\n    <li><ruby>\u53d6\u5f15<rt>\u3068\u308a\u3072\u304d<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u5148<rt>\u3055\u304d<\/rt><\/ruby>\u304b\u3089<ruby>\u65b0<rt>\u3042\u305f\u3089<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3057\u3044\u30ab\u30bf\u30ed\u30b0\u3092<b>\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/b>\u3002<br>Nakatanggap kami ng bagong katalogo mula sa kasosyo.<\/li>\n    <li>\uff08<ruby>\u5bfe\u6bd4<rt>\u305f\u3044\u3072<\/rt><\/ruby>\uff09<ruby>\u53cb<rt>\u3068\u3082<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3060\u3061\u304b\u3089<ruby>\u672c<rt>\u307b\u3093<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092<b>\u3082\u3089\u3063\u305f<\/b>\uff08pamilyar\uff09\uff0f<ruby>\u5148\u751f<rt>\u305b\u3093\u305b\u3044<\/rt><\/ruby>\u304b\u3089<ruby>\u672c<rt>\u307b\u3093<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092<b>\u3044\u305f\u3060\u3044\u305f<\/b>\uff08mapagpakumbaba\uff09<br>Tumanggap ng aklat mula sa kaibigan (pamilyar) \/ mula sa guro (mapagpakumbaba).<\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n\n  <h3>4. Paraan ng paggamit at mga nuansa<\/h3>\n  <ul>\n    <li>Napaka-magalang, mapagpakumbaba; angkop para sa email, anunsyo, at pahayag.<\/li>\n    <li>Karaniwang nilalagyan ng magalang na unlapi ang pangngalan: \u3054<ruby>\u9023\u7d61<rt>\u308c\u3093\u3089\u304f<\/rt><\/ruby>\u30fb\u3054<ruby>\u8fd4\u4fe1<rt>\u3078\u3093\u3057\u3093<\/rt><\/ruby>\u30fb\u3054<ruby>\u5354\u529b<rt>\u304d\u3087\u3046\u308a\u3087\u304f<\/rt><\/ruby>\u30fb\u304a<ruby>\u6642\u9593<rt>\u3058\u304b\u3093<\/rt><\/ruby>\u30fb\u3054<ruby>\u539a\u610f<rt>\u3053\u3046\u3044<\/rt><\/ruby>.<\/li>\n    <li>Tono na nagpapahayag ng pasasalamat; kadalasang kasunod ang \u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u3054\u3056\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0f<ruby>\u611f\u8b1d<rt>\u304b\u3093\u3057\u3083<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3059\u308b\uff0f\u304a<ruby>\u793c<rt>\u308c\u3044<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7533<rt>\u3082\u3046<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3057<ruby>\u4e0a<rt>\u3042<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3052\u308b.<\/li>\n    <li>Binibigyang-diin ng \u201c\u304b\u3089\/\u3088\u308a\u201d ang pinagmulan; ang \u201c\u306b\u201d ay binibigyang-diin ang taong nagbibigay (sa malalapit na usapan).<\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n\n  <h3>5. Paghahambing, pagkakaiba at mga katulad na hulma<\/h3>\n  <table>\n    <thead>\n      <tr>\n        <th>Mga pattern ng gramatika<\/th>\n        <th>Kahulugan<\/th>\n        <th>Pangunahing pagkakaiba<\/th>\n        <th>Maikling halimbawa<\/th>\n      <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n      <tr>\n        <td>N \u3092\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f<\/td>\n        <td>Tumanggap (mapagpakumbaba)<\/td>\n        <td>Pinaka-magalang sa panig ng tumatanggap<\/td>\n        <td><ruby>\u5148\u751f<rt>\u305b\u3093\u305b\u3044<\/rt><\/ruby>\u304b\u3089<ruby>\u66f8\u985e<rt>\u3057\u3087\u308b\u3044<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td>N \u3092\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/td>\n        <td>Tumanggap (karaniwan)<\/td>\n        <td>Pamilyar\/neutral<\/td>\n        <td><ruby>\u53cb<rt>\u3068\u3082<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3060\u3061\u304b\u3089<ruby>\u672c<rt>\u307b\u3093<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3046<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td>N \u3092\u304f\u308c\u308b<\/td>\n        <td>May nagbigay sa akin<\/td>\n        <td>Pananaw ng tumatanggap (ako), hindi mapagpakumbaba<\/td>\n        <td><ruby>\u5148\u8f29<rt>\u305b\u3093\u3071\u3044<\/rt><\/ruby>\u304c<ruby>\u79c1<rt>\u308f\u305f\u3057<\/rt><\/ruby>\u306b<ruby>\u672c<rt>\u307b\u3093<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092\u304f\u308c\u305f<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td>N \u3092\u304f\u3060\u3055\u308b<\/td>\n        <td>Ibinigay sa akin ng taong mas mataas<\/td>\n        <td>Kagalang-galang na anyo ng \u304f\u308c\u308b (pananaw ng tumatanggap)<\/td>\n        <td><ruby>\u90e8\u9577<rt>\u3076\u3061\u3087\u3046<\/rt><\/ruby>\u304c<ruby>\u8cc7\u6599<rt>\u3057\u308a\u3087\u3046<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3063\u305f<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td>N \u3092\u3042\u3052\u308b<\/td>\n        <td>Ako ang nagbigay sa iba<\/td>\n        <td>Pananaw ng nagbibigay<\/td>\n        <td><ruby>\u79c1<rt>\u308f\u305f\u3057<\/rt><\/ruby>\u306f<ruby>\u5f8c\u8f29<rt>\u3053\u3046\u306f\u3044<\/rt><\/ruby>\u306b<ruby>\u672c<rt>\u307b\u3093<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092\u3042\u3052\u305f<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td>N \u3092\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/td>\n        <td>Paki-bigay (hiling)<\/td>\n        <td>Pahayag ng kahilingan<\/td>\n        <td><ruby>\u9818\u53ce<rt>\u308a\u3087\u3046\u3057\u3085\u3046<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u66f8<rt>\u3057\u3087<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td>V\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f<\/td>\n        <td>Ginagawa ng iba ang V para sa akin<\/td>\n        <td>Kaugnay na pattern ng pandiwa<\/td>\n        <td>\u3054<ruby>\u8aac\u660e<rt>\u305b\u3064\u3081\u3044<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n  <\/table>\n\n  <h3>6. Karagdagang tala<\/h3>\n  <ul>\n    <li>Maaaring isulat ang \u201c\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f\u201d sa kanji <ruby>\u9802<rt>\u3044\u305f\u3060<\/rt><\/ruby>\u304f sa pormal na pagsulat; anyong -\u307e\u3059: \u3044\u305f\u3060\u304d\u307e\u3059\/-\u307e\u3057\u305f.<\/li>\n    <li>Sa liham ng pasasalamat, ang \u201c\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3073\u306f\u2026\u201d + \u201cN \u3092\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304d\u3001\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u3054\u3056\u3044\u307e\u3059\/<ruby>\u539a<rt>\u3042\u3064<\/rt><\/ruby>\u304f<ruby>\u5fa1\u793c<rt>\u304a\u308c\u3044<\/rt><\/ruby><ruby>\u7533<rt>\u3082\u3046<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3057<ruby>\u4e0a<rt>\u3042<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3052\u307e\u3059\u201d ay isang pormal na pattern ng magalang na pagpapahayag.<\/li>\n    <li>Kapag ang pangngalan ay isang kilos (<ruby>\u9023\u7d61<rt>\u308c\u3093\u3089\u304f<\/rt><\/ruby>\/<ruby>\u8fd4\u4fe1<rt>\u3078\u3093\u3057\u3093<\/rt><\/ruby>\/<ruby>\u6848\u5185<rt>\u3042\u3093\u306a\u3044<\/rt><\/ruby>), karaniwang binabawas ang \u300c\u3059\u308b\u300d: \u3054<ruby>\u9023\u7d61<rt>\u308c\u3093\u3089\u304f<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f (huwag sabihing \u3054<ruby>\u9023\u7d61<rt>\u308c\u3093\u3089\u304f<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f sa hulma ng pangngalan).<\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n\n  <h3>7. Mga baryasyon at nakapirming parirala<\/h3>\n  <ul>\n    <li>\u3054<ruby>\u9023\u7d61<rt>\u308c\u3093\u3089\u304f<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f\uff0f\u3054<ruby>\u8fd4\u4fe1<rt>\u3078\u3093\u3057\u3093<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f<\/li>\n    <li>\u3054<ruby>\u610f\u898b<rt>\u3044\u3051\u3093<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f\uff0f\u3054<ruby>\u6559\u793a<rt>\u304d\u3087\u3046\u3057<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f\uff0f\u3054<ruby>\u6307\u5c0e<rt>\u3057\u3069\u3046<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f<\/li>\n    <li>\u3054<ruby>\u652f\u63f4<rt>\u3057\u3048\u3093<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f\uff0f\u3054<ruby>\u539a\u60c5<rt>\u3053\u3046\u3058\u3087\u3046<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f<\/li>\n    <li>\u304a<ruby>\u6642\u9593<rt>\u3058\u304b\u3093<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f\uff0f\u304a<ruby>\u62db<rt>\u307e\u306d<\/rt><\/ruby>\u304d\uff08\u304a\u307e\u306d\u304d\uff09\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f<\/li>\n    <li>\u3054<ruby>\u9ad8\u89a7<rt>\u3053\u3046\u3089\u3093<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f\uff08napaka-pormal: 'matanggap mula sa kagalang-galang'\uff09<\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n\n  <h3>8. Mga karaniwang pagkakamali at patibong sa JLPT<\/h3>\n  <ul>\n    <li>Huwag paghaluin ang \u201c\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f\u201d (mapagpakumbaba) at \u201c\u304f\u3060\u3055\u308b\u201d (paggalang sa nagbibigay). Tandaan: <ruby>\u4e3b\u8a9e<rt>\u3057\u3085\u3054<\/rt><\/ruby>\u304c<ruby>\u79c1<rt>\u308f\u305f\u3057<\/rt><\/ruby>\uff1d\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f; <ruby>\u4e3b\u8a9e<rt>\u3057\u3085\u3054<\/rt><\/ruby>\u304c<ruby>\u76f8\u624b<rt>\u3042\u3044\u3066<\/rt><\/ruby>\uff1d\u304f\u3060\u3055\u308b.<\/li>\n    <li>Gumamit ng \u201c\u306b\u201d sa halip na \u201c\u304b\u3089\/\u3088\u308a\u201d kapag kailangan i-emphasize ang pinagmulan sa pormal na paraan; pero inuuna ang \u304b\u3089\/\u3088\u308a.<\/li>\n    <li>Dagdag na \u201c\u3059\u308b\u201d na sobra: \u3054<ruby>\u9023\u7d61<rt>\u308c\u3093\u3089\u304f<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f \u00d7 (kapag gumagamit ng pattern na pangngalan + \u3092\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f). Ayusin: \u3054<ruby>\u9023\u7d61<rt>\u308c\u3093\u3089\u304f<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f.<\/li>\n    <li>Iwasan ang sobra-sobrang honoripiko: \u201c\u3054<ruby>\u9023\u7d61<rt>\u308c\u3093\u3089\u304f<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304b\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u201d \u00d7 (magkahalong 'humble' at 'respectful'). Pumili ng isa: \u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f o \u304f\u3060\u3055\u308b.<\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n<\/section>            <nav class=\"sibling-nav v2\" aria-label=\"Mag-navigate sa magkakapit na gramatika\">\r\n              <div class=\"sib-col sib-left\">\r\n                                  <a class=\"sib chip prev\"\r\n                     href=\"\/fil\/n4-grammar\/kudasaru.html\"\r\n                     rel=\"prev\"\r\n                     title=\"Tingnan ang nakaraang gramatika\">\r\n                    <i class=\"bi bi-arrow-left-circle chev\"><\/i>\r\n\r\n                                          <span class=\"txt\">\uff5e\u3092\u304f\u3060\u3055\u308b<\/span>\r\n                    \r\n                  <\/a>\r\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"sib-col sib-right\">\r\n                                  <a class=\"sib chip next\"\r\n                     href=\"\/fil\/n4-grammar\/te-itadaku.html\"\r\n                     rel=\"next\"\r\n                   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