{"id":5639,"date":"2025-10-28T15:23:49","date_gmt":"2025-10-28T15:23:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vnjpclubwp.test\/ngu-phap-n4\/te-aru.html"},"modified":"2026-06-21T19:21:20","modified_gmt":"2026-06-21T12:21:20","slug":"te-aru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vnjpclub.com\/fil\/n4-grammar\/te-aru.html","title":{"rendered":"\uff5e\u3066\u3042\u308b \u2014 nagawa na (resultang estado)"},"content":{"rendered":"<noscript><div class=\"vnjp-noscript\">\u26a0\ufe0f Please enable JavaScript to view the content of this page.<\/div><\/noscript><div class=\"vnjp-js-only\"><section class=\"ai-explain-body\">\n  <h3>1. Pangunahing estruktura\nUri\nIstruktura gamit ang \uff5e\u3066\u3042\u308b\nHalimbawa ng estruktura\nTala\nSinasadyang resulta\nN(bagay) \u304c\/\u306f + [[R0]] V-\u3066 + \u3042\u308b\nGinagamit sa transitibong pandiwa\nLokasyon\n[[R0]] \u306b N \u304c + V-\u3066 + \u3042\u308b\nNaglalarawan ng kalagayan na nagawa na at nananatili\nHinandang na\n\u3082\u3046\/\u3059\u3067\u306b + V-\u3066 + \u3042\u308b\nBinibigyang-diin ang kalagayan pagkatapos gawin bilang paghahanda\nPagtanggi\nV-\u3066\u306f + \u306a\u3044\nKaraniwan sa kolokyal na pananalita\n2. Pangunahing kahulugan &amp; detalyadong pagsusuri\nNagpapahayag na ang 'resulta ng sinadyang kilos' ay nananatili sa kasalukuyan.\nNakatuon sa kasalukuyang kalagayan, hindi binibigyang-diin kung sino ang gumagawa.\nMadalas gamitin para magsabi ng paghahandang ginawa na: [[R0]]\u3057\u3066\u3042\u308b, [[R1]]\u3057\u3066\u3042\u308b.\nHindi ginagamit sa mga intransitibong pandiwa para sa kahulugang ito; kapag ginamit ang intransitive na pandiwa, magiging \uff5e\u3066\u3044\u308b (kalagayan) hindi \uff5e\u3066\u3042\u308b.\n3. Mga halimbawa\n[[R0]]\u306e[[R1]]\u306b\u30e1\u30e2\u304c[[H0]][[R2]]\u3044\u3066\u3042\u308b[[H1]]\u3002[[H2]]May memo sa mesa na inilagay na.\n[[R0]]\u306f\u3059\u3067\u306b[[H0]][[R1]]\u3057\u3066\u3042\u308b[[H1]]\u3002[[H2]]Handa na ang bulwagan.\n[[R0]]\u306e[[R1]]\u306e[[R2]]\u306f[[H0]][[R3]]\u3057\u3066\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059[[H1]]\u3002[[H2]]Naka-print na ang mga materyales para sa pulong bukas.\n[[R0]]\u306b[[R1]]\u304c[[H0]][[R2]]\u3063\u3066\u3042\u308b[[H1]]\u3002[[H2]]May nakasabit na dekorasyong larawan sa pader (may nag-hang at naroon ang larawan).\n\u3053\u306e\u30c9\u30a2\u306f[[R0]][[H0]][[R1]]\u3092\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3042\u308b[[H1]]\u3002[[H2]]Nakakandado na ang pintong ito sa gabi.\n\u30c1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u306f\u307e\u3060[[H0]][[R0]]\u3063\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3044[[H1]]\u3002[[H2]]Hindi pa nareserba ang mga tiket.\n4. Paggamit &amp; mga nuwes\nKaraniwang ang simuno ay bagay\/obhetong tinatamaan ng kilos, hindi ang gumawa.\nKung gusto mong sabihin ang natural na proseso\/kalagayan, gumamit ng \uff5e\u3066\u3044\u308b ([[R0]]\u304c[[R1]]\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b).\nPara sa paghahanda: binibigyang-diin na tapos na at iniwan sa ganoong ayos.\nSa nakasulat na teksto, ang \uff5e\u3066\u3042\u308b ay nagbibigay ng pakiramdam na obhektibo, hindi direktang naglalagay ng pananagutan sa gumagawa.\n5. Paghahambing &amp; pagkakaiba &amp; mga katulad na pattern\nModelo\nKahulugan\nPangunahing pagkakaiba\nMaikling halimbawa\nSinasadyang resulta na nananatili\nTransitibong pandiwa; binibigyang-diin ang umiiral na kalagayan\nKalagayan\/pagpapatuloy\nIntransitive na pandiwa o kilos na nagaganap\nGagawin muna bilang paghahanda\nBinibigyang-diin ang aksyon ng paghahanda, hindi kinakailangang sinasabi ang kasalukuyang kalagayan.\nResultang pasibo\nBanggitin ang tagaganap kung kinakailangan\n6. Mga karagdagang tala\nMga tipikal na pandiwa: [[R0]]\u304f, [[R1]]\u308b, [[R2]]\u3079\u308b, [[R3]]\u304f, \u304b\u3051\u308b([[R4]]\/\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc), [[R5]]\u3051\u308b([[R6]]), [[R7]]\u3059([[R8]]\u3092[[R9]]\u3057\u3066\u3042\u308b c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y).\nGinagamit ang \u306f para sa pagtutok\/paghahambing: [[R0]]\u306f\u3082\u3046\u3057\u3066\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001[[R1]]\u3044\u306f\u307e\u3060\u3060\u3002\nBihira kailangan ang past tense dahil ang mismong kalagayan ay nasa kasalukuyan; ginagamit ang past kapag tumutukoy sa isang punto sa nakaraan: \u305d\u306e[[R0]]\u3001\u3082\u3046[[R1]]\u3057\u3066\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\n7. Mga baryante &amp; nakapirming parirala\n\u3082\u3046\/\u3059\u3067\u306b + V-\u3066\u3042\u308b (naihanda na)\n[[R0]]\u306b + N\u304c + V-\u3066\u3042\u308b (naglalarawan ng pagkakalagay)\nN\u306f + V-\u3066\u3042\u308b (pagpapaksa)\nV-\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3044 (pagtatanggi ng estado na naihanda)\n8. Karaniwang pagkakamali &amp; mga bitag sa JLPT\nPaggamit ng intransitive na pandiwa sa \uff5e\u3066\u3042\u308b: \u00d7[[R0]]\u304c[[R1]]\u3051\u3066\u3042\u308b (tama) \/ \u00d7[[R2]]\u304c[[R3]]\u3044\u3066\u3042\u308b (mali kung ang ibig sabihin ay \u201cmay isang nagbukas nang inihanda\u201d).\nNalilito sa \uff5e\u3066\u3044\u308b: \u30c9\u30a2\u304c[[R0]]\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b (kalagayan) vs \u30c9\u30a2\u306f[[R1]]\u3081\u3066\u3042\u308b (resulta ng ginawa ng isang tao).\nAng pagsabi ng direktang tagaganap sa \uff5e\u3066\u3042\u308b ay hindi natural: \u00d7[[R0]]\u304b\u304c[[R1]]\u3092[[R2]]\u3051\u3066\u3042\u308b \u2192 dapat tanggalin ang tagaganap, o gumamit ng [[R3]] kung kailangan.\nNalilito sa \uff5e\u3066\u304a\u304f: [[R0]]\u3057\u3066\u304a\u3044\u305f (nauna kong ipinrint) \u2260 [[R1]]\u3057\u3066\u3042\u308b (ngayon ay nasa kalagayan na naka-print).<\/h3>\n  <table>\n    <thead>\n      <tr>\n        <th>Uri<\/th>\n        <th>Istruktura gamit ang \uff5e\u3066\u3042\u308b<\/th>\n        <th>Halimbawa ng estruktura<\/th>\n        <th>Tala<\/th>\n      <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n      <tr>\n        <td>Sinasadyang resulta<\/td>\n        <td>N(bagay) \u304c\/\u306f + <ruby>\u4ed6\u52d5\u8a5e<rt>\u305f\u3069\u3046\u3057<\/rt><\/ruby> V-\u3066 + \u3042\u308b<\/td>\n        <td><ruby>\u7a93<rt>\u307e\u3069<\/rt><\/ruby>\u306f<ruby>\u9589<rt>\u3057<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3081\u3066\u3042\u308b<\/td>\n        <td>Ginagamit sa transitibong pandiwa<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td>Lokasyon<\/td>\n        <td><ruby>\u5834\u6240<rt>\u3070\u3057\u3087<\/rt><\/ruby> \u306b N \u304c + V-\u3066 + \u3042\u308b<\/td>\n        <td><ruby>\u58c1<rt>\u304b\u3079<\/rt><\/ruby>\u306b<ruby>\u5199\u771f<rt>\u3057\u3083\u3057\u3093<\/rt><\/ruby>\u304c<ruby>\u8cbc<rt>\u306f<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3063\u3066\u3042\u308b<\/td>\n        <td>Naglalarawan ng kalagayan na nagawa na at nananatili<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td>Hinandang na<\/td>\n        <td>\u3082\u3046\/\u3059\u3067\u306b + V-\u3066 + \u3042\u308b<\/td>\n        <td>\u30c1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u306f\u3082\u3046<ruby>\u53d6<rt>\u3068<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3063\u3066\u3042\u308b<\/td>\n        <td>Binibigyang-diin ang kalagayan pagkatapos gawin bilang paghahanda<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td>Pagtanggi<\/td>\n        <td>V-\u3066\u306f + \u306a\u3044<\/td>\n        <td>\u307e\u3060<ruby>\u7528\u610f<rt>\u3088\u3046\u3044<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3044<\/td>\n        <td>Karaniwan sa kolokyal na pananalita<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n  <\/table>\n\n  <h3>2. Pangunahing kahulugan &amp; detalyadong pagsusuri<\/h3>\n  <ul>\n    <li>Nagpapahayag na ang 'resulta ng sinadyang kilos' ay nananatili sa kasalukuyan.<\/li>\n    <li>Nakatuon sa kasalukuyang kalagayan, hindi binibigyang-diin kung sino ang gumagawa.<\/li>\n    <li>Madalas gamitin para magsabi ng paghahandang ginawa na: <ruby>\u4e88\u7d04<rt>\u3088\u3084\u304f<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3057\u3066\u3042\u308b, <ruby>\u5370\u5237<rt>\u3044\u3093\u3055\u3064<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3057\u3066\u3042\u308b.<\/li>\n    <li>Hindi ginagamit sa mga intransitibong pandiwa para sa kahulugang ito; kapag ginamit ang intransitive na pandiwa, magiging \uff5e\u3066\u3044\u308b (kalagayan) hindi \uff5e\u3066\u3042\u308b.<\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n\n  <h3>3. Mga halimbawa<\/h3>\n  <ul>\n    <li><ruby>\u673a<rt>\u3064\u304f\u3048<\/rt><\/ruby>\u306e<ruby>\u4e0a<rt>\u3046\u3048<\/rt><\/ruby>\u306b\u30e1\u30e2\u304c<b><ruby>\u7f6e<rt>\u304a<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3044\u3066\u3042\u308b<\/b>\u3002<br>May memo sa mesa na inilagay na.<\/li>\n    <li><ruby>\u4f1a\u5834<rt>\u304b\u3044\u3058\u3087\u3046<\/rt><\/ruby>\u306f\u3059\u3067\u306b<b><ruby>\u6e96\u5099<rt>\u3058\u3085\u3093\u3073<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3057\u3066\u3042\u308b<\/b>\u3002<br>Handa na ang bulwagan.<\/li>\n    <li><ruby>\u660e\u65e5<rt>\u3042\u3057\u305f<\/rt><\/ruby>\u306e<ruby>\u4f1a\u8b70<rt>\u304b\u3044\u304e<\/rt><\/ruby>\u306e<ruby>\u8cc7\u6599<rt>\u3057\u308a\u3087\u3046<\/rt><\/ruby>\u306f<b><ruby>\u5370\u5237<rt>\u3044\u3093\u3055\u3064<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3057\u3066\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059<\/b>\u3002<br>Naka-print na ang mga materyales para sa pulong bukas.<\/li>\n    <li><ruby>\u58c1<rt>\u304b\u3079<\/rt><\/ruby>\u306b<ruby>\u5199\u771f<rt>\u3057\u3083\u3057\u3093<\/rt><\/ruby>\u304c<b><ruby>\u98fe<rt>\u304b\u3056<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3063\u3066\u3042\u308b<\/b>\u3002<br>May nakasabit na dekorasyong larawan sa pader (may nag-hang at naroon ang larawan).<\/li>\n    <li>\u3053\u306e\u30c9\u30a2\u306f<ruby>\u591c<rt>\u3088\u308b<\/rt><\/ruby><b><ruby>\u9375<rt>\u304b\u304e<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3042\u308b<\/b>\u3002<br>Nakakandado na ang pintong ito sa gabi.<\/li>\n    <li>\u30c1\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u306f\u307e\u3060<b><ruby>\u53d6<rt>\u3068<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3063\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3044<\/b>\u3002<br>Hindi pa nareserba ang mga tiket.<\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n\n  <h3>4. Paggamit &amp; mga nuwes<\/h3>\n  <ul>\n    <li>Karaniwang ang simuno ay bagay\/obhetong tinatamaan ng kilos, hindi ang gumawa.<\/li>\n    <li>Kung gusto mong sabihin ang natural na proseso\/kalagayan, gumamit ng \uff5e\u3066\u3044\u308b (<ruby>\u7a93<rt>\u307e\u3069<\/rt><\/ruby>\u304c<ruby>\u958b<rt>\u3072\u3089<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b).<\/li>\n    <li>Para sa paghahanda: binibigyang-diin na tapos na at iniwan sa ganoong ayos.<\/li>\n    <li>Sa nakasulat na teksto, ang \uff5e\u3066\u3042\u308b ay nagbibigay ng pakiramdam na obhektibo, hindi direktang naglalagay ng pananagutan sa gumagawa.<\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n\n  <h3>5. Paghahambing &amp; pagkakaiba &amp; mga katulad na pattern<\/h3>\n  <table>\n    <thead>\n      <tr>\n        <th>Modelo<\/th>\n        <th>Kahulugan<\/th>\n        <th>Pangunahing pagkakaiba<\/th>\n        <th>Maikling halimbawa<\/th>\n      <\/tr>\n    <\/thead>\n    <tbody>\n      <tr>\n        <td>\uff5e\u3066\u3042\u308b<\/td>\n        <td>Sinasadyang resulta na nananatili<\/td>\n        <td>Transitibong pandiwa; binibigyang-diin ang umiiral na kalagayan<\/td>\n        <td>\u30c9\u30a2\u306f<ruby>\u9589<rt>\u3057<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3081\u3066\u3042\u308b<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td>\uff5e\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/td>\n        <td>Kalagayan\/pagpapatuloy<\/td>\n        <td>Intransitive na pandiwa o kilos na nagaganap<\/td>\n        <td>\u30c9\u30a2\u304c<ruby>\u9589<rt>\u3057<\/rt><\/ruby>\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td>\uff5e\u3066\u304a\u304f<\/td>\n        <td>Gagawin muna bilang paghahanda<\/td>\n        <td>Binibigyang-diin ang aksyon ng paghahanda, hindi kinakailangang sinasabi ang kasalukuyang kalagayan.<\/td>\n        <td><ruby>\u8cc7\u6599<rt>\u3057\u308a\u3087\u3046<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092<ruby>\u5370\u5237<rt>\u3044\u3093\u3055\u3064<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304f<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n      <tr>\n        <td><ruby>\u53d7\u8eab<rt>\u3046\u3051\u307f<\/rt><\/ruby> + \uff5e\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/td>\n        <td>Resultang pasibo<\/td>\n        <td>Banggitin ang tagaganap kung kinakailangan<\/td>\n        <td>\u30c9\u30a2\u306f<ruby>\u5f7c<rt>\u304b\u308c<\/rt><\/ruby>\u306b<ruby>\u9589<rt>\u3057<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/td>\n      <\/tr>\n    <\/tbody>\n  <\/table>\n\n  <h3>6. Mga karagdagang tala<\/h3>\n  <ul>\n    <li>Mga tipikal na pandiwa: <ruby>\u7f6e<rt>\u304a<\/rt><\/ruby>\u304f, <ruby>\u8cbc<rt>\u306f<\/rt><\/ruby>\u308b, <ruby>\u4e26<rt>\u306a\u3089<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3079\u308b, <ruby>\u66f8<rt>\u304b<\/rt><\/ruby>\u304f, \u304b\u3051\u308b(<ruby>\u9375<rt>\u304b\u304e<\/rt><\/ruby>\/\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc), <ruby>\u70b9<rt>\u3066\u3093<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3051\u308b(<ruby>\u96fb\u6c17<rt>\u3067\u3093\u304d<\/rt><\/ruby>), <ruby>\u6d88<rt>\u3051<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3059(<ruby>\u96fb\u6e90<rt>\u3067\u3093\u3052\u3093<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092<ruby>\u6d88<rt>\u3051<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3057\u3066\u3042\u308b c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y).<\/li>\n    <li>Ginagamit ang \u306f para sa pagtutok\/paghahambing: <ruby>\u4e88\u7d04<rt>\u3088\u3084\u304f<\/rt><\/ruby>\u306f\u3082\u3046\u3057\u3066\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001<ruby>\u652f\u6255<rt>\u3057\u306f\u3089<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3044\u306f\u307e\u3060\u3060\u3002<\/li>\n    <li>Bihira kailangan ang past tense dahil ang mismong kalagayan ay nasa kasalukuyan; ginagamit ang past kapag tumutukoy sa isang punto sa nakaraan: \u305d\u306e<ruby>\u6642<rt>\u3068\u304d<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3001\u3082\u3046<ruby>\u6e96\u5099<rt>\u3058\u3085\u3093\u3073<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3057\u3066\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n\n  <h3>7. Mga baryante &amp; nakapirming parirala<\/h3>\n  <ul>\n    <li>\u3082\u3046\/\u3059\u3067\u306b + V-\u3066\u3042\u308b (naihanda na)<\/li>\n    <li><ruby>\u5834\u6240<rt>\u3070\u3057\u3087<\/rt><\/ruby>\u306b + N\u304c + V-\u3066\u3042\u308b (naglalarawan ng pagkakalagay)<\/li>\n    <li>N\u306f + V-\u3066\u3042\u308b (pagpapaksa)<\/li>\n    <li>V-\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3044 (pagtatanggi ng estado na naihanda)<\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n\n  <h3>8. Karaniwang pagkakamali &amp; mga bitag sa JLPT<\/h3>\n  <ul>\n    <li>Paggamit ng intransitive na pandiwa sa \uff5e\u3066\u3042\u308b: \u00d7<ruby>\u7a93<rt>\u307e\u3069<\/rt><\/ruby>\u304c<ruby>\u958b<rt>\u3042<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3051\u3066\u3042\u308b (tama) \/ \u00d7<ruby>\u7a93<rt>\u307e\u3069<\/rt><\/ruby>\u304c<ruby>\u958b<rt>\u3072\u3089<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3044\u3066\u3042\u308b (mali kung ang ibig sabihin ay \u201cmay isang nagbukas nang inihanda\u201d).<\/li>\n    <li>Nalilito sa \uff5e\u3066\u3044\u308b: \u30c9\u30a2\u304c<ruby>\u9589<rt>\u3057<\/rt><\/ruby>\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b (kalagayan) vs \u30c9\u30a2\u306f<ruby>\u9589<rt>\u3057<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3081\u3066\u3042\u308b (resulta ng ginawa ng isang tao).<\/li>\n    <li>Ang pagsabi ng direktang tagaganap sa \uff5e\u3066\u3042\u308b ay hindi natural: \u00d7<ruby>\u8ab0<rt>\u3060\u308c<\/rt><\/ruby>\u304b\u304c<ruby>\u7a93<rt>\u307e\u3069<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3092<ruby>\u958b<rt>\u3042<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3051\u3066\u3042\u308b \u2192 dapat tanggalin ang tagaganap, o gumamit ng <ruby>\u53d7\u8eab<rt>\u3046\u3051\u307f<\/rt><\/ruby> kung kailangan.<\/li>\n    <li>Nalilito sa \uff5e\u3066\u304a\u304f: <ruby>\u5370\u5237<rt>\u3044\u3093\u3055\u3064<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3057\u3066\u304a\u3044\u305f (nauna kong ipinrint) \u2260 <ruby>\u5370\u5237<rt>\u3044\u3093\u3055\u3064<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3057\u3066\u3042\u308b (ngayon ay nasa kalagayan na naka-print).<\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n<\/section>            <nav class=\"sibling-nav v2\" aria-label=\"Mag-navigate sa magkakapit na gramatika\">\r\n              <div class=\"sib-col sib-left\">\r\n                                  <a class=\"sib chip prev\"\r\n                     href=\"\/fil\/n4-grammar\/mama.html\"\r\n                     rel=\"prev\"\r\n                     title=\"Tingnan ang nakaraang gramatika\">\r\n                    <i class=\"bi bi-arrow-left-circle chev\"><\/i>\r\n\r\n                                          <span class=\"txt\">\uff5e\u307e\u307e<\/span>\r\n          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